True HEPA Filter and Carbon Filtration
A true HEPA filter that captures 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns, the hardest size to trap, is the baseline. Pollen, dander and mold spores are all larger than that, so they're caught easily. Read labels closely: "HEPA-type" has no standard behind it. Look for real HEPA or the H13 grade.
An activated carbon filter does a different job. It adsorbs gases and odors (smoke, cooking smells, VOCs) that HEPA can't touch. For allergy relief, carbon is a bonus; HEPA is the must-have. If you're comparing air filters for your HVAC system instead, MERV 13 is the practical target for whole-house air filtration.
Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) Explained
The clean air delivery rate tells you how many cubic feet of cleaned air a unit pushes out per minute. The AHAM label lists three numbers: smoke, dust and pollen. For allergies, focus on the dust and pollen figures. A rough rule from AHAM: the smoke CADR should be at least two-thirds of the room's square footage. A 150 sq ft bedroom, for example, needs a smoke CADR of 100 or more.
Room Size and Air Changes Per Hour
Air changes per hour (ACH) is how many times the whole room's air passes through the filter each hour. For allergies, aim for 4 to 5. Here's the quick calculator:
Required CADR = square footage × ceiling height × target ACH ÷ 60
A 12 × 15 ft bedroom with 8 ft ceilings holds 1,440 cubic feet. Multiply by 5 ACH, divide by 60, and you need about 120 CFM. Now match that against the box. When in doubt, size up. A bigger unit on low is quieter than a small one straining on high, and it does a better job.